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The Majestic Black Bear

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“Is that black spot moving” Melissa questioned as she peered across the river from our cozy camp site. That black spot was moving. There is was a black bear in search of food at dusk. It was only a few hours earlier that I realized that we were in a perfect spot for bears. Black bears enjoy eating summer blueberries within the white spruce forests of the Yukon Territory; similar to the area of our campsite.  IMG_1340

While they are the least studied large mammal in the Yukon there numbers exceed the grizzly bear at roughly 10,000 black bears and between 6,000 and 7,000 grizzly bears. Beyond being larger in numbers black bears are a smaller, less aggressive bears than grizzlies, but every precaution should be made when traveling in a known black bear area. Carrying “bear spray”, a large can of pepper spray, on your person at all times is important. Measures should be taken when setting up camp like designating a separate food preparation site downwind of your tents: This is important, because bears follow their noses and it would be better if they hit the food before you. At night make sure to hang your food and other smelly items at least 10 feet off the ground and six feet away from any trees to prevent bears from reaching it. P7290446

Black bears are curious animals which generally leads to some amount of human interaction, but generally they avoid people. The perception of black bears has changed over time from being respected as great spirits by the Yukon natives to being hunted when firearms were developed. Today things are turning around and people are being more bear conscientious by including garbage incinerators at some large campsites and using bear prevention measures. Although it was a treat to experience a bear sighting, I would rather the bear stay a safe distance and busy in the bushes in the search for delicious blueberries across the river.

Backcountry Uses for Medicinal and Edible Plants of the Yukon

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From paddling down the Yukon to hiking up mountains at Hootalinqua, we are immersed in and surrounded by nature. We are stunned not only by how magnificent and transcendental nature is, but by how we are able to respectfully use the natural world to aide us on our adventure. From food to medicinal uses, simple methods of helping oneself are around each river bend, requiring only one's eye and basic knowledge of their surroundings in order to tap into nature's potential.

Blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, and rose hips grow wild in the Yukon and around the Yukon river. Containing Vitamins A, B1, B2, C, Calcium, Potassium, and Iron, these wild, treats are major preventers of malnourishment and are also delicious. The phenomenal qualities of these plants can be eaten raw or prepared into tea form, and all one is required to do is go out and search for nature's bounty. IMG_1345

Blood poisoning, nausea, and diarrhea – these are some of the many conditions that can injure an unlucky adventurer; luckily, nature has remedies to help cure these ailments. The powerful wormwood plant is made into a tea and consumed to help combat blood poisoning, caused by infected cuts. Change of diet, contaminated water, or spoiled food are frequent causes of diarrhea. The wormwood plant's bark can be eaten to remedy this sickness. Nausea, often caused by food, water, or seasickness, can be cured by drinking raspberry leaf tea. Each of these sicknesses can be very serious in a camp setting, due to their tendencies to be fatiguing or dehydrating, and the proper use of these three plants can be potentially life saving.

While we love and enjoy nature, we must also respect and revere it. Delicious and nutritious plants can be found consistently, but by eating a poisonous plant thought to be a beneficial one, one's sense of security can be completely inverted. Knowing one's surroundings and properly educating oneself about the wild edibles prior to one's wilderness venture is essential to maintaining a safe and pleasant trip into the wild.

Exploring the Yukon Wilderness

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As we have been traveling down the Yukon River for the past two days, we have seen many forms of wildlife: vast acres of dense green forest and steem shores of sand and rock. These beautiful scenes seem perfectly pristine, but human artifacts, such as boat wrecks, old abandoned cabins, wood camps, and washed up tires and barrels are physical blemishes of the Klondike Gold Rush on this wilderness. It is amazing to research the evolution of the Yukon River from primitive wilderness to industrial highway. Now, people are working to transform the river to its original state.

“The term wilderness originates from Teutonic and Norse languages: ‘will’ meaning self-willed, ‘deor’ meaning animal and ‘ness’ meaning place.” (Nash, 1967) A single definition of wilderness is very difficult to assemble because of how subjective it is. A student in Chicago might consider the Chicago River to be Wilderness, while a Yukon trapper might completely disagree and give his or her own definition. Our group defined wilderness as: “a large isolated area, untrammeled by humans with a true sense of freedom, where everything feels uncaged.” Our definition is based off of our expectation of seeing fewer people; we’ve encountered numerous adventurers seeking similar solitude in nature (contrary to our initial belief), fewer signs of human contact (people, trash, roads, sounds, etc.), and the frequency of spotting the numerous kinds of wildlife (we had thought we’d find much more than we have so far).

-What is your definition of wilderness?

 

-What would you expect to find there?

 

-What is been the wildest place you have been?

 

-There is a federally designated wilderness area in almost every state in the US. What is the closest area near you?

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The canoes and kayaks are beached on a sandbar for our lunch break.

DSCN4077 Dave and Kelsey are excited to reach the north end of Lake Laberge.

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The sunset was beautiful on Lake Laberge.

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This bald eagle was not disturbed by Maureen and Kevin paddling close enough for this picture.

IMG_3089  Maureen is enjoying a calm night on Lake Laberge.

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Dave and Kevin are fixing a rudder pedal.

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We are traveling past the rocky cliffs on Lake Laberge.

Getting our feet wet on the Yukon River

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Then and Now

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In this modern day, it is a daunting task to try and fathom the way people lived in the centuries past. On Saturday we were given that challenge, With both amusement and surprise, we came across a group of Klondike gold rush reenactors, with the women cooking and the men working on a wooden raft, all dressed in classic attire. We were struck by the stark contrast between their world and ours. 7_23_10k.r.

Our modern Wenonah canoes and Current Designs kayaks, made of the extremely durable Royalex and fiber glass materials far surpass their simple timber raft, which was the apparent reason for their stop along the shoreline.

Dressed in 19th century dresses and pants made of unwieldy thick cottons and wools, the reenactors were polar opposites of our lightweight and durable hiking shoes, jackets, pants, and backpacks. 7_25_10luggage

On a cast iron skillet fried a modest stack of flapjacks, a testament to the kinds of meals usually consumed by the miners at that time (heavily salted pork, beans, sourdough, and flapjacks were about all the nutrition they got, and because of this the miners  were frequently called “Sourdoughs”). Our meals, on the other hand, are loaded with important vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates, vastly more nourishing and healthy than the former list of foods was.  We do suffer from some of the same limitations, however, such as no refrigeration.  If we were headed out on a longer expedition, we would probably suffer from some of the same nutrition challenges. 7_25_10GroupRaft

From equipment to clothing, the differences between the reenactors way of life and ours are huge. The challenge of putting ourselves into the shoes of the Klondike gold miners is a tough fit, and seems to be a task best left for another day.